非物质文化遗产公法与私法保护的契合

文化属性和经济属性是非物质文化遗产的双重属性。文化属性是指非物质文化遗产是人类的公共文化资源，是非物质文化遗产的本质属性，其决定了公共利益的代表———政府（公法）保护的必不可少。而经济属性的实现带来的是经济利益，经济利益的驱动对行为人会产生激励作用，这种激励对于以维护公共利益而不以盈利为目的的政府来说，不发生作用或者作用极其有限，相反对于靠市场吃饭的具有“经济理性”的私主体则发挥着巨大的驱动作用。经济属性使非物质文化遗产的持有人可以获得经济利益，使私权的赋予具有了必要性，进而决定了知识产权保护的正当性。经济属性的开发有利于提升文化属性。非物质文化遗产公法与私法的保护方式并非截然对立，而是相互支撑、相辅相成的，二者的契合实现了对非物质文化遗产的有效保护。

Protection of Intangible Cultural Inheritance by the Combination of Public Laws and Private Laws

Cultural attribute and economic attribute are double attributes of intangible cultural inheritance.Cultural attribute means that intangible cultural inheritance is human public cultural resource and is its basic attribute,which determines that governments (public laws),as the representatives of public interests,are necessary to protect it.However,the realization of economic interests brings the economic interests,the driving of economic interests can encourage actors,this kind of encouragement can have no-response or have very much limited response to the governments which maintain public interests but which do not aim to have return,on the con-trary,private main bodies which depend on the market and which have “economic rationality”,have big driven response to the inherit-ance.The economic attribute makes the holders of the inheritance can obtain economic interests,makes the bestowing of private rights necessary,and further determines that intellectual property protection is legitimate.The development of economic attribute helps to raise its cultural attribute,the public laws and private laws in protecting the inheritance are not opposite but support each other and the com-bination of the two realizes the effective protection of the inheritance.