传统政治法律思想中民本思想的法理学分析

作为中国传统政治法律思想精华的民本思想,其内容包括以民为本和民之所本两个方面。民本思想建构的理论基础是民由天生,民天相通。君要以民为本,爱民、保民,否则,民既可以通过“国人决”主动表达自己的意愿,又可以被动地“暴君放伐”。由于先辈们往往只对人(暴君)不对制度,从未怀疑过制度的合理性,所以走不出新旧王朝轮回的老路。只有民个体权利意识增强,主体性充分发挥,才能实现民权向民主的转化。

Jurisprudence Analysis of the Mass-based Thoughts in Chinese Traditional Political and Legal Ideas

As the gem of Chinese traditional political and legal ideas,the mass-based thoughts include two aspects: the mass as the base of the society and what the mass treasure most.The foundation of such mass-based thoughts is that the mass are naturally born and they can communicate with nature.The rulers must treasure the mass,love and protect them;otherwise,the mass may express their opinions through referendum or exile "the bad rulers" passively.As the ancients targeted only the bad rulers rather the system,which they never questioned,they could never walk out of the dynastic transmigration of life and death.Only through the increase of awareness of individual rights and the full play of subjectivity can the shift from civil rights to democracy be achieved.