赋与《尚书》的渊源关系考说

钱钟书称文体有一名多义的情况,早期文体命名是以产生文词的行为动作来命名文体的。由此出发考察,赋的原始义项为缴纳赋税,成为赋的命名原由。赋的对话体,可以从《尚书.皋陶谟》的君臣对话找到前例;赋的"乱曰"、篇末作歌,也可以从《尚书.皋陶谟》的篇末作歌找到前例。上述情况说明,言先于文,文出自言,考察先秦文体,不得不从记言的古史《尚书》始。考察赋,从《尚书》起始,也会有意想不到的效果。

On the Relationship between Fu and Shang Shu

Qian Zhongshu argued that Wenti(genre) is a misleading polysemous word.Early genres were named after actions that produced texts.So,the genre Fu originates from Fu Shui(paying taxes)."Yu Gong(Yu’s contribution)" in Shang Shu recorded mountains,rivers,land,products and so on,and eventually became the sample of Fu.The dialogue form of Fu also can be traced back to the dialogues between the kings and courtlies in "GaoYao Mo(GaoYao’s Plan)" of Shang Shu."Luan Yue(the ending song says)" and the ending songs of Fu can find precedents from "GaoYao Mo" that ends in a song.These examples show that speech goes before writing,so we have to resort to Shang Shu,a historical records of speeches,if we want to study the literary genres of Qin Dynasty or before.Taking Shang Shu as the starting point to study the genre Fu will yield unexpected results.