出处之念的起因及主要意旨──“朝隐”与中国古代出处文学主题

朝隐，是古代文人在恶劣人文环境下保护自己又不枉道变节的一种政治斗争方式，其萌于《庄子》。“陆沉”、“市隐”，直接开启了东方朔身在朝而明哲保身的“朝隐”。而对于西汉宫廷文人亦官亦隐传统的继承，以晋宋文人最为典型。出处意念往往与文人“饰美”心理传统有关。特定官僚体制、社会形态决定了这一文化现象的特殊与普遍，出处之叹成为古代文人抒情诗惯常主题。晋宋文人“朝隐”作为出处两端的折中与变通，是整个主题价值流向和主要表现程式、意象趋于定型化的关键环节。

Origin and Intention of Service and Retreat

Chaoyin, an idea of both service and escape originated in Zhuangzi, was a style of political fighting for the literati in the bad environments of ancient China typically represent- ed by the royal scholars of the Jin and the Northern Song dynasties. The idea was related with the psychological adornment shaped by the bureaucratic system and social form and be- came a usual theme in poetic creation.