国外关于社区对儿童和青少年影响的研究

国外关于社区 (neighborhood)对儿童和青少年影响的研究已有多年的历史并取得了不少成果。社区对儿童和青少年的影响效应一般从入学准备情况与学业成绩、行为和情绪问题 (包括外化的和内化的 )、性行为与生育等三个方面来研究考察。社区的结构维度大致可划分收入 /社会经济地位 (可划分为高、中、低三类 ) ,种族混杂程度 ,居民搬迁率等三个。社区对儿童和青少年的影响机制一般从机构资源、亲子关系和组织度三个角度来探讨

On the Foreign Research of Neighborhood Effects on Child and Youth

Foreign research on the effects of neighborhood on child and youth has a relatively long and fruitful history. The domains of well\|bing that have been used to examine whether neighborhoods matter for child and youth include school readiness and achievement, behavioral and emotional problems (externalizing and internalizing), and sexuality and childbearing. The three structural dimensions of neighborhoods most frequently examined are income/ social economic status (SES, including high, medium and low). The usually studied processes through which neighborhoods influence child and youth are availability of institutional resources, relationship and collective efficacy.