句法结构的语义自然性及其认知理据

句法结构的语义自然性是指语言的句法构造符合人们的认知模式,即句法结构和人们的经验结构、思维模式以及思维惯势之间有一定的对应性;语义自然性主要由三个方面体现出来:认知常态自然性侧重于句法结构中的词语分布与人们大脑中的事物分布认知模式和层级认知模式相吻合;范畴典型自然性表明一个句法结构范畴中的典型具有人们对该范畴的最佳语感期待值,因而有较好的语义自然性;分布普遍自然性则显示语义自然性高的句法结构在使用时通常限制较少,其结构转换性和结构类推性或能产性也相应要高得多.

Semantic Naturalness of Syntactic Constructions and Its Cognitive Motivation

Semantic naturalness of syntactic constructions means that the syntactic constructions of language conform to the people's cognitive models;namely, there is a certain correspondence between the syntactic constructions and the people's experiences and thinking modes.Semantic naturalness is realized from three perspectives.Naturalness of cognitive normality emphasizes the correspondence between the distribution of words in the syntactic constructions and the cognitive models of distribution of things and of levels in the people's mind.Naturalness of category prototype shows that the prototype of a category of syntactic constructions meets the people's highest expectations for the language use, hence the better semantic naturalness.Naturalness of wide distribution means to manifest that the syntactic constructions with higher semantic naturalness usually have fewer restrictions in use and construction change and analogy can be conducted in them.