大历史：一种对法治演进的理解

回顾历史，我们可以从宏观角度探究法治演进的脉络。古希腊城邦社会孕育了“公民”、“民主”、“法治”等观念，不仅经历了大量的“法治”实践，而且产生了系统阐述的法治思想。在世界社会古罗马，以共和政体和对王权的制约以及自然法思想为条件，私法得到了极大的发展；在中世纪西欧封建社会，教会、国王、贵族、平民等之间的斗争和妥协，产生了多元性的法律和司法体系。随着民族国家的形成和新兴资产阶级的革命，在近代法治思想和法治实践的基础上。形成了近代法治文明，从而进一步形成了现代法治。中国百年来追求法治的道路很大程度牺牲了法治精神的本质目标，应当重视法治内在的制度和文化的现代化。

The Big History:an Understanding The Evolution of Constitutionality

Looking back at history,from a macro perspective,we can explore the evolution of constitutionality context.Conceptions like "citizen","democracy","constitutionality",etc.firstly shaped from ancient city-states of Greece society,which not only experienced lots of practices of "constitutionality",but generated the systematic thought about ruling by law.Based on the restriction of royal power by the republican,and the thought of natural law,private law developed greatly in the ancient Roman Society,while the conflict and compromise among the church,the king,the noble and the civilian,a multivariate law and judicial system came into being in the medieval feudalist Western Europe society.With the formation of nation states and revolution of newly rising capitalist class,the civilization of constitutionality in modern times came into being on the basis of thought and practice of ruling by law,which evolved into constitutionality in modern times eventually.In the process of the establishment of constitutionality in the last century,China has lost the essential object of the constitutional spirit to a great degree,so that we should attach more importance on the civilization of the inner institution of constitutionality and the culture.