"存在论悖论"与"言道悖论"——中西哲学基本问题的现代阐释

从马克思"当代世界的哲学"或"世界性的一般哲学"1](P120-121)的理论视域来看,哲学的基本问题,即主体、语言和存在的关系问题.其作为哲学基本问题,以人的"自为本性"为基础,以作为主体的人对其存在或存在之存在的理解及其语言表达为滥觞,既涉及到对作为主体的人的存在和存在之存在的理解问题,又涉及到语言的功能和界限及其对主体、语言和存在关系的理解问题.以主体、语言和存在之间是否具有"同一性"为核心,哲学基本问题具体呈现为两种截然不同的理论范式和形态:其一是以"存在论悖论"为表征的西方形态;其一是以"言道悖论"为表征的中国形态.

"Antinomy of Existentialism" and "Antinomy of Language": A Modern Interpretation of the Basic Philosophical Problems of the West and China

In the perspective of Marxist "philosophy of the contemporary world" or the "general philosophy of the world", the basic philosophical problem is the relation between subject, language and existence. This basic problem has the "self-consciousness of human existence" as the foundation and the understanding of existence expressed in language as the point of departure, which is related to the understanding of the existence of man as the subject and the definitions and functions of language as well as the relation between subject, language and existence. There are two opposite philosophical patterns and forms concerning whether there is a common core between subject, language and existence, that is, the Western pattern represented by the "antinomy of existentialism " and the Chinese pattern represented by the "antinomy of language".