特定民族文化观照下的生态伦理观调适与启示——以岜沙苗族为例

各民族在与自然的长期交互中,凝炼出了与自然和谐相融的生存之道。这些生存智慧与惯习浸润在他们的器物、精神与制度文化中,支撑着人们的思维方式、价值取向、行为习惯与审美情趣,进而成为各民族地区古朴深厚的生态伦理文化,岜沙苗族文化中传统的器物格局、农耕文化、礼仪习俗、禁忌民约等充分展示了其所秉持的和谐共生生态观、用之有度消费观、代际公平责任观等,为当代人们反思现代社会生态伦理提供了价值观照。重构生态伦理应实现由“关爱自然”之伦理立场向“敬畏自然”之伦理立场、“竞生发展”之思维模式向“共生发展”之生存智慧、“消费主义”之生活方式向“生态主义”之生活方式的转变。当然,于各民族伦理文化而言,学习借鉴者需择善而从,唯此方能引领民族地区发展“促其行而规其道”。

Adjustment and Enlightenment of Eco-ethics in the Perspective of Specific Ethnic Cultures: The Case of the Miao People in Basha

In the long-term interaction with nature,all ethnic groups have found out the ways to live in harmony with nature.Such living wisdom and habits have infiltrated into their utensils,spirit,system and culture,which in turn support their thinking mode,value orientation,habits and aesthetic taste,and then become the simple and profound ecological and cultural ethics in different ethnic areas.The traditional utensils,farming culture,rituals,customs,taboos and regulations in the Miao culture of Basha region have fully demonstrated the ecological concept of harmonious coexistence,the concept of proper consumption and the concept of inter-generational fairness and responsibility,providing modern people with a value perspective on the ecological ethics.The reconstruction of ecological ethics should realize the transformation from the ethical position of caring for nature to that of respecting nature,from the thinking mode of competing for survival and development to the survival wisdom of symbiotic development,and from the lifestyle of consumerism to the lifestyle of ecologism.As for the ethical cultures of all ethnic groups,it is necessary to follow the good approaches.Only in this way can we lead the proper development of ethnic areas with suitable means.