全面建设社会主义现代化国家视域下相对贫困治理研究

党的十九届五中全会将“四个全面”中的全面建成小康社会更新为全面建设社会主义现代化国家,这也表明尽管消除了绝对贫困,但是相对贫困问题依然存在。相对贫困治理是以马克思主义反贫困理论、以人民为中心的政治经济学为理论基石。对标全面建设社会主义现代化国家的目标和现实难点,相对贫困治理的路径应为:一是创新贫困治理的体制机制,建立绝对贫困向相对贫困转化的对接机制、相对贫困的认定标准和识别体系、相对贫困治理的长效对标机制;二是坚持内扶与外扶协同联动,建立一体化“扶智”体系,在乡村合作社等农村集体经济组织建立利益共享机制,增强其获得感,破解“等靠要”意识,强化内扶的动力之源;三是深入实施乡村振兴战略、建立相对贫困群体的就业培训体系和创业支撑体系,为相对贫困群体提供可持续发展保障。

On Relative Poverty Governance from the Perspective of Building a Great Modern Socialist Country in All Aspects

The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China has proposed the new goal by changing“building a moderately prosperous society in all aspects of the Four Comprehensives”into“building a great modern socialist country in all aspects”.This shows that despite the elimination of absolute poverty,the problem of relative poverty still exists.The eradication of relative poverty relies on the Marxist anti-poverty theory and people-centered political economy as the theoretical cornerstones.According to the goals and practical difficulties in building a great modern socialist country in all aspects,the following approaches to eradicating relative poverty should be taken.Firstly,it is necessary to innovate the institutional mechanism of poverty governance,and establish a docking mechanism for transforming absolute poverty to relative poverty,and for relevant identification standards and identification system as well as a long-term benchmarking mechanism for relative poverty governance;secondly,it is a must to strengthen the coordination and linkage of internal and external support,establish an integrated“smart intelligent”system,a benefit-sharing mechanism in rural collective economic organizations such as rural cooperatives to enhance their sense of gain,give up the idea of“waiting and relying”,and strengthen the motivation for internal support;thirdly,it is necessary to implement comprehensively the rural revitalization strategy,establish an employment training system and entrepreneurial support system,and provide sustainable development guarantees for relatively poor groups.