唐代的内教坊及相关问题考论

唐代宫廷中的内教坊产生较早,除去在战乱中受到一些冲击,它几乎是和唐王朝保持始终。内教坊在组织上可能分为雅乐部分和俗乐部分,最高的乐官由宦官担任,低级的乐官则有音声博士、第一曹博士、第二曹博士等。普通的乐工则称为“弟子”。除了俗乐以外,在内教坊中还有雅乐。俗乐用于宫廷日常娱乐,雅乐则在由皇后参与的礼仪中使用。翰林内教坊是内教坊之外的另一机构,与内教坊无涉。

Reflections on Inner Jiaofang of Tang Dynasty and its related questions

Inner Jiaofang,a sort of imperial court art academy,in the palace of the Tang Dynasty has emerged in an early time,and it almost keeps up with the Tang Dynasty except that it receives some shocks during the wars.On the organization,inner Jiaofang may be divided into elegant music and secular music.The highest musical officers are those of eunuchs,and the lower musical officers include music and sound doctors,the first doctor,the second doctor etc.And ordinary music performers are called"disciples".Besides the secular music,there are also elegant music in the Inner Jiaofang.The secular music is used in the daily entertainment of the palace,and the elegant music is mainly used in the ceremony joined by the queens.Ludicrous Inner Jiaofang is another institution,and it has no relation to the Inner Jiaofang.