基于政府视角的农民创业环境实证研究——以湖北省为例

以创业促进就业是解决农民就业问题的良方,而政策环境对于创业行为的发生具有巨大的推动和促进作用。通过对湖北省930家农村微小企业的调查,研究政府寻租对农民创业的影响。结果表明:初创公司的额外负担及其对公司的影响均显著低于老公司,说明农民创业的各项优惠政策已取得一定效果;政府寻租,不仅执法弹性较大,而且偏好高额寻租盈利能力强、经营年限长和规模大的成长型企业,这不利于微小企业的健康成长。虽然创业者的退出威胁可以抑制政府的高额寻租行为,但在全民创业及创业融资难的背景下这种抑制不具备可操作性。改善农民创业环境的关键在于政府加强法制建设,提高执法质量。

Research on the Environment of Farmers Entrepreneurship——Take Hubei Province as Example

Entrepreneurship serves as a good way to solve the problem of unemployment for farmers.And the policy environment can greatly promote the occurrence of entrepreneurial behavior.Based on the survey of 930 rural microenterprises in Hubei Province,we explored the effect of government’s rent-seeking on farmers’ entrepreneurship.The result shows that the additional burden,together with its impact on start-ups,is significantly lower than that for the old companies.This indicates that the preferential policies on farmers’ entrepreneurship have achieved certain effects.We also find that the government’s rent-seeking policy does not affect firms uniformly,showing greater flexibility in enforcement and preference to promising companies with higher levels of regulatory extortion for profits and longer operating life,which impedes the healthy growth of rural microenterprises.Although the withdrawal of the entrepreneur can inhibit the high rent-seeking behavior,it is unlikely to occur under the condition of nationwide enterprise-starting as well as difficulty in entrepreneurial financing.Therefore,to make it easier for the farmers to start up a business,the government should strengthen the legal construction and improve the quality of law enforcement.