从资源汲取到以人为本：乡村社会管理基础变革

在古代,从农村汲取资源一直是乡村社会管理的出发点与落脚点。进入近代,由于政权下沉加剧了这种趋势。进入21世纪,伴随着国家工业化与城市化的推进以及乡村治理理念的革新,国家加大了对农村的资源输入,农村社区的开放性与农民流动性要求在＂以人为本＂基础上重塑乡村社会管理体制,即政府必须依据农村居民异质化、多样化需求及社区服务供给能力,建立多层次、针对不同类型人群、城乡一体的社会管理体制。农村社会管理基础从资源汲取到以人为本的演变经历了漫长的历史过程,既是国家与农民关系的历史性变革,也逐渐凸显农民主体地位,是人与资源关系的重新定位。

From Resources Drawing to People-orientation:Basis Changes in Rural Social Management

For a long time,drawing resources from rural areas has become a starting point and destination in social management.In modern times,sinking regime and modernization exacerbated this trend.In the 21st century,with the national industrialization and urbanization as well as innovations of rural governance concept,China has increased the input of resources in rural areas,and the openness of rural communities and farmers＇ mobility require the rebuilding of rural social management system on the basis of the ＂people-orientation＂.Based on heterogeneous and diverse needs of rural residents and supply capacity of community service,governments must establish a multi-level,focusing on different types of people,urban and rural integrated community management system.The basis changes of social management has undergone a long historical process from rural resources drawing to people-orientation,which not only represents the historic revolution of the relationship between country and farmers,but also highlights the dominant position of farmers gradually.It is also the repositioning of the relationship between people and resources.