场域视阈下农村老年贫困问题分析——基于闽西地区SM村的个案调查

基于对12名农村老年人的访谈，以场域理论为分析视阈，以文化惯习约束与社会场域型塑相融合的研究路径来深化对中国农村老年贫困现象的认识：微薄的家庭经济收入、失衡的农村家庭财富支出结构、不完善的农村社会保障体系是农村老年贫困的原生性型塑因素；农村孝道文化的式微、“养儿防老”社会风俗的固化、“代际互惠”的依赖型养老心理是农村老年贫困的次生性建构因素。二者相互依存交互影响，将农村老年贫困的型塑与建构融合于农村老年生活的实践。要解决农村老年贫困问题，需要破除农村老年贫困的养老惯习，建构改善农村老年贫困的生活场域，强化突破农村老年贫困的社会实践。

Analysis on Rural Elderly-aged Poverty from Perspective of Field Theory——A Case Study in SM Village of West Fujian Province

Based on the interview of 12 rural old people and the framework of field theory, this paper employed the integration of cultural habitus and social field to study the elderly-aged poverty in rural China. The result shows that meager family income, unbalanced expense structure in rural family, imperfect social security system in rural areas are the root factors causing rural elderly-aged poverty and traditional filial morality, the solidifying social customs of raising sons to provide for his old age, relying on old age stemming from the thought of mutual benefit between generations are secondary factors leading to elderly-aged poverty. These two factors, interdependent and interactive, merge the construction of rural elderly-aged poverty into practical life of the elders in rural areas.Therefore, it is necessary to discard the old-aged supporting customs of rural elderly-aged poverty, establish life field to improve rural elderly-aged poverty and intensify the social practice of rural elderly-aged poverty.