成员异质性对集体行动的影响——来自村落共用设施和资源管理的研究证据

集体行动理论认为,成员异质性是影响集体行动的重要因素。基于村落共用设施和资源管理的最新研究成果,分析了成员异质性与集体行动两者间的关联,重点关注禀赋异质性、退出选择、种族/种姓异质性和性别结构等4个不同维度的成员异质性。结果表明:禀赋异质性与集体行动之间的关系很可能具有"倒U型"特征,适度的禀赋异质性最能够促进集体行动;社会异质性和退出选择对集体行动通常表现为负向影响;社群成员性别结构也可能会影响集体行动,女性成员比例高的社群集体行动相对容易成功,但若社群女性成员比例过高也会不利于集体行动。

Impact of Heterogeneity on Collective Action--A Research Review from Rural Commons＇ Governance and Resource Management

Collective action theory believes that heterogeneity plays a major role in influencing col- lective action. Based on the latest research results in public facilities＇ or resources＇ governance in rural community, this paper analyzes the relationships between heterogeneity and collective actions and focuses on the heterogeneity of four different dimensions such as endowment heterogeneity, exit option, race/ caste heterogeneity and sex composition. The result shows that relationship between endowment hetero- geneity and collective action probably shows U-shaped characteristics and moderate endowment hetero- geneity is most capable of promoting colletive actions＇ social heterogeneity and exit option have the neg- ative impact on collective action; sex structure in a community also probably influences collective ac- tions, collective actions in the community with more female members have easy trend of success. But if the percentage of female members in the community is extremely higher, it is also harmful to collective actions.