西方国家起源理论研究述评

国家起源问题一直备受学者关注,特别是20世纪以来,西方学者注重从人类学、考古学、历史学、社会学等各方面入手研究国家起源。从人类学的视角来说,塞维斯和弗里德提出了著名的酋邦理论和分层学说。与此同时,各种具体理论也不断出现,如城市革命、灌溉、贸易和战争。由于单一的因素不能解释国家的产生,因此综合理论应运而生。生态学理论注重利用气象数据并与合理的推测相结合,社会理论则以更具体的权力、意识、个人、性别和团体进行研究,而这些都推动着国家起源理论的发展。

A Review of Western Research on the Origin of the State

Scholars have been paying attention to the origin of the state,especially after the twentith century,western scholars study it from many aspects,Such as anthropology,archaeoloqy,history,socioloqy and so on.as far as Anthropological perspective be concerned,Service and Fried have developed famous Chiefdom theory,stratified society theory.At the same time various specific theories appeared continuously such as Urban Revolution,Irriqation,Trade and Warfare;because any specific theory explain the origin of state Insufficiently.So the Synthetic theories are invoked.Ecological theories make use of the climatic data and combine the hypothesis.Social theories study the much more specific power,Ideology,Individuals,Gender and groups.All further the devecopment of the theories of the origin of the state.