民族自决与民族区域自治:中共民族政策的历史考察

从主张民族自决转变到民族区域自治,中共不断探索并成功构建了符合国情的处理国内民族问题的适当模式。1940年代以前,接受列宁思想和共产国际决定,以民族自决为处理国内民族问题的方案。抗日战争期间,淡化民族自决观念,树立了民族区域自治的思想。《共同纲领》独创性地规定在全国实施民族区域自治制度。新中国成立后,宪法确认民族区域自治在国家政治制度体系中的重要地位。1980年代,第四部宪法和民族区域自治法的先后颁行,使民族区域自治制度建设进一步得以加强,民族地区经济、政治、文化及和谐社会建设全面发展。创立并实施中国特色的民族区域自治制度,坚持和发展马克思主义是思想条件。解决社会主义条件下的民族矛盾,必须坚持以经济建设为工作中心,坚持科学发展。

From Ethnic Self-determination to Ethnic Regional Autonomy:A Historical Survey of CPC's Ethnic Policies

This paper aims to make a historical survey of the change of CPC's basic ethnic policy from ethnic self-determination to ethnic regional autonomy.The 1930s saw the establishment of an ethnic self-determination system to address ethnic issues and the system of ethnical regional autonomy was laid down in the Common Program of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.The 1980s witnessed the reinforcement of the system with the promulgation of the fourth Constitution of the People's Republic of China and the Law of Ethnic Regional Autonomy.The author concludes that the Party has successfully constructed a proper system for handling domestic ethnic issues.