村民自治中的监督制度:冲突、真空及耦合

村民自治中监督者与被监督者之间关系的制度安排之间存在冲突;有关监督组织的制度安排之间存在冲突;民主评议制度安排中存在制度真空;罢免制度安排中存在制度真空;村民监督权救济制度安排中存在制度真空;民主监督的组织机构缺位。青县模式的创新价值与启示在于:监督组织制度创新有助于实现权力资源配置的均衡化、监督主体的组织化和监督行为的规范化。实现村民自治中监督制度耦合的对策在于制度创新:通过进一步完善《村组法》以化解其中有关监督制度安排之间的冲突、弥合有关民主监督的制度真空;创新民主监督组织制度以实现民主监督的组织化、程序化和规范化。

The Supervision Institution in the Villagers' Self-governing: the Institutional Conflict, the Institutional Vacuum and the Institutional Coupling

The institutional conflict and the institutional vacuums in the villagers’ self-governing lie in: conflicts in the institutional arrangements of the relationship between the supervisor and the people who are supervised;conflicts in the institutional arrangements of the supervision organization;institutional vacuums in the institutional arrangements of democratic appraisal and discussion;institutional vacuums in the institutional arrangements of the dismissal;there are institutional vacuums in the institutional arrangements of the relief of villagers’ supervision rights;there is not a democratic supervision organization which can play a real role in the villagers’ self-governing.The value and enlightenment of the innovation of Qing county model are that the innovation of supervision organization institution is helpful to realize the equalization of power resources allocation,the organization of supervisors including vast villagers,and the standardization of the supervision behaviors.The countermeasures of achieving the coupling of the supervision institutions in the villagers’ self-governing lie in the institutional innovation: dissolving the conflicts between the supervision institution arrangements in the villagers’ self-governing and making up for the institutional vacuums in the democratic supervision institutions through further improving "the organization law of the villagers committees";innovating the organization institution of democratic supervision in order to realize the organization,procedures and standardization of the democratic supervision.