公共服务与社会发展机会的脱贫效应

２０２０年后农村减贫的战略重心由绝对贫困转向相对贫困，如何精准识别农村相对贫困发生的 根源，缓解农村相对贫困问题，成为实现乡村振兴的关键因素。运用二元 ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归模型与中国社会 综合调查数据研究发现，农民的可行能力不足具有明显的致贫效应，其中，身体健康状况、心理健康状况 等基本可行能力和受教育程度等可行发展能力的不足均是导致农民相对贫困的重要因素；而农民工作 意愿的致贫效应不明显，相对贫困的状态反而会在一定程度上激发农民的工作意愿；增加农村基本公共 服务供给则是纾解农村相对贫困的重要方式；增加农村社会发展机会同样具有重要的脱贫效应，可以显 著降低农民相对贫困发生的概率。

Effect of Public Services and Social Development Opportunities on Poverty Alleviation

The strategic focus of rural poverty reduction after 2020 has been shifted from absolute poverty alleviation to relative poverty alleviation. How to target the root causes of rural relative poverty has become a key factor for rural revitalization. By using binary Logistic regression model and comprehensive survey data of Chinese society, we found that farmers'' lack of feasible ability has an obvious impoverishment effect. Among them, the lack of basic feasible ability such as physical health, mental health and feasible development ability such as education level are important factors leading to the relative poverty. However, the impoverishment effect of farmers'' willingness to work is not obvious. On the contrary, the state of relative poverty will stimulate farmers'' willingness to work to a certain extent. Increasing the supply of basic public services is an important way to alleviate the relative poverty. Increasing social development opportunities also has an important effect on poverty alleviation, which can significantly reduce the incidence of relative poverty among farmers.