国民政府时期农村合作金融述评

国民政府基于摆脱经济困境、铲除中共革命根源和作为遗嘱执行人践诺的需要,大力发展农村合作金融,为农民提供一定数量的低息借贷,基本保证了抗战时期军民粮食供应。国民政府农村合作金融主要是通过农村信用社来实现的,并最终形成其在治理结构、业务组织和产权（资金）构成方面的内部治理特征。国民政府将合作运动奉为国策,制定一系列政策法律、成立相关管理机构、建立合作金融体系,促进合作运动的规范化发展。尽管和西方合作金融相比,国民政府时期农村合作金融存在为特权阶层所操控利用等诸多弊端,但一定程度上改变了农村借贷格局,促进了农村经济的发展。

Review on the rural cooperative finance during the National Government period

In order to get rid of the economic predicament, eradicate Chinese Communist revolutionary roots, fulfill the duty as an executor of Doctor Sun Yat-sen＇s construction cooperatives, the National Government vigorously developed rural cooperative finance, supplied farmers with certain amount of low-interest loan, basically guaranteed the food demand of the army and the people during Anti-Japanese War. The rural cooperative finance accomplished its goal through rural credit unions, and the system of rural cooperative finance was preliminarily built up with internal management features in the aspects of organization and financing. In comparison with western cooperative finance, the rural cooperative finance in the National Government period was congenitally deficient and the amount of share capital was relatively low. Moreover, it was in a situation of postnatal malnutrition where rural cooperative finance was controlled by privileged classes, thus causing a number of disvantages. However, in spite of all the mentioned defects, rural cooperative finance at that time did, to some extent, boost the development of economics in rural areas.