中国教育分布与地区经济增长差异——基于29省（市）2000—2011年数据分析

基于29省（市）2000—2011年的基础数据,对中国教育分布及其与经济增长的关系进行实证研究。结果表明：从总体上看,教育基尼系数存在逐年下降的趋势,教育分布日趋平等；中国教育分布与经济增长存在倒＂U＂型关系。分地区研究发现,中西部地区的经济增长更多地依赖物质资本,而东部地区则更多地依赖人力资本。因此,中西部地区应大力发展基础教育,缩小教育分布差距以实现人力资本与实物资本的有效匹配,从而避免实物资本积累回报率的大幅下降；东部地区由于已经具备较高的基础教育水平,则需要增加高等教育投入培养高端人才,加大教育分布差距以促进经济增长。

Educational distribution and differences in regional economic growth： Based on the data of 29 provinces（cities） from 2000 to 2011

Based on the panel data of 29 provinces from 2000 to 2011, the paper investigated the relationship between educational distribution and economic growth. Empirical results indicated： the Gini coefficient of education declined year by year, and the educational distribution tended gradually equal; the relationship between educational distribution and economic growth presented an ＂inversed U＂ shape. In regional analysis, we found that the economic growing in midwest relied more on the physical capital, while the eastern provinces were more dependent on human capital stock. Hence, it is important for the central and western regions to develop the basic education so as to reduce the disparity in distribution and realize the effective match of the human capital and the physical capital, avoiding physical capital accumulation; in the eastern China, it is necessary to increase the education distribution gap to promote economic growth by increasing the investment in higher education since the basic education there was higher.