不法性强制拆迁的认定及相关私权救济

深圳市城市更新办法实施细则正值国务院新征收条例施行一周年之际出台。而强制拆迁是该细则与此条例中的关键性制度。在我国土地所有制二元结构下,随着《物权法》的颁行强制拆迁问题日益严峻,公权力亦陷于困境。认定不法性强制拆迁的标准只能根据严格的"公共利益"标准,且在现行法下不宜适用"多数决"原则。因强制拆迁而受有损害的被拆迁人,可以根据侵权责任或合同债权等主张损害赔偿,也可以根据"不法管理"的准无因管理制度获得更为有利的救济。只有对私权救济有力,才能从制度上根本遏制不法性强制拆迁。

Determining Illegal Forced Demolition and Remedies to Relevant Private Rights

The promulgation by the city of Shenzhen of Detailed Regulations for Implementing Urban Renewal Act coincides with the one year anniversary of the publication of the new Expropriation Statute by The State Council.Rules regarding compulsory demolition lies at the heart of these two statues.The binary nature of land ownership and the new Real Right Law has thrown the problem of compulsory demolition into relief,and public power is caught between a rock and hard place.The standard whereby to determine illegal forced demolition must strictly adhere to the principle of public interest,and the principle of "majority rule" in existing law-system should not apply.Victims of illegal demolition may seek compensation on the basis of tortious liability or contract law.They may more profitably seek restitution through ’illegal management’ in quasi-voluntary service.The government can hope to curb illegal forced demolition only after it has strengthened legal relief to protecting private rights.