论唐前山水文化及其衍进特点

唐前山水文化经历了从蒙昧向文明、从物质依赖向精神诉求、从非理性向理性发展的进程。在这个进程中,人对山水自然的认识由纯客观的审视向主客观融合的方向不断变化,并由此奠定了中国山水文化的人文基础:精神的需求与艺术的审美相融合。反映在文学状态中,《诗经》的比、兴及庄、骚的夸张、渲染奠定了人与自然山水的艺术关联和哲学层面;汉大赋中的山水自然成为烘托帝王功业的载体;两晋之交的陶渊明与山水自然的人格融合开创了隐逸与田园诗的先河;晋室南渡后,以谢灵运为代表,把山水自然引向贵族化。陶谢在其山水诗歌中所反映出的人格特点,为唐代山水文化的发展树立了楷模。

On the Evolution of the Chinese Landscape Culture before the Tang Dynasty

The Chinese landscape culture before the Tang Dynasty underwent the evolutionary process from ignorance to civilization, from material reliance to spiritual pursuit and from irrationality to rationality. In the evolution, the Chinese understanding of landscape nature changed from a mere objective scrutiny to the integration of both the subjective and the objective, thus laying the humanistic foundation for the Chinese landscape culture which is characterized by the harmonious integration of spiritual needs with artistic esthetics. The author analyzes a series of examples to make his point.