黑社会性质组织基本特征的实践展开

根据《中华人民共和国刑法修正案(八)》的规定,黑社会性质组织应当同时具备"组织"、"经济"、"行为"和"非法控制"四个基本特征。司法机关对同一法律文本的不同解读不仅直接关涉黑社会性质组织犯罪圈之大小,而且更与宽严相济基本刑事政策价值的真正实现紧密相关。由于对地方域情的过多考量以及构成要件要素的不当添加,各地司法机关对黑社会性质组织的四个基本特征做出了不同的解读,并因此陷入了司法不统一的现实困境。若欲走出这一司法困境,宜将四个基本特征置于黑社会性质组织犯罪构成中作分类解释,尤其需要尽量释明"规范性的犯罪构成要件要素",同时注重相关司法经验的合理提升,将抽象立法条文合理量化,从而廓清黑社会性质组织的实践内涵。

Extensive Annotations of the basic characteristics of Mafia-type Organization

According to the Eighth amendments to the criminal code, the organization of mafia-type crime shall also have four basic features such as the "organization","economy", "conduct" and "illegal control". How to interpret the article in criminal law by judicial authority is closely relative not only to the scope of mafia-type crime but also to the implementation of tempering justice with mercy. Due to the excessive consideration to the local condition and the adding factors to the elements of crime, judicial authorities in China interpret the same article differently. At the same time, it leads to the disunity of the justice. To avoid the embarrassments and make the mafia-type organization clear, it is very important for judicial authorities to interpret four characters by assortments, especially the normative factors of the elements of crime, paying attention to the summing up of the experience of justice and quantization of the Abstract stipulation.