从“谣盐风波”看社会谣言的生成机制

2011年3月一场"谣盐风波"席卷全国,日本核泄露引发的核辐射危机激发了人们自我保护的意识,在事实真相缺位、正规信息模糊和缺失的情况下,驱动了公众的好奇心理,诱发了"第三人效应",一场关于抢购食盐的社会谣言就此应运而生。媒体报道方面,出于行业竞争的需要,为了突出新闻的显著性,对谣言的热衷报道造成了二次传播,使谣言进入正规流通渠道,并借助媒体的优势加剧了谣言的传播。政府公信力下降、公民知情权弱化、信息通道的多样化则给社会谣言提供了可乘之机。首因效应、蝴蝶效应,以及群体极化等社会心理,使社会谣言迅速扩张,造成公众心理的恐慌和社会正常秩序的破坏。

The Generative Mechanism of Social Rumors from the "Salt Panic"

There was a "salt panic" all over China in March,2011.The Japanese nuclear crisis aroused people’s instinct to protect themselves.As they don’t know the truth for the official information is vague it is easy to stimulate the public’s curiosity,and thus it induced the "third party benefits",so the rumors about "salt panic" appeared.What’s worse,for the necessities of business competition and the importance of news,the news media showed great enthusiasm for reporting the rumors and made a second-time broadcast,thus rumors spread regularly and widely with the help of the mass media.The decrease of government credibility,the weakening of the community’s right-to-know,and the diversity of information channel gave chances to social rumors,and made it spread greatly on the base of social minds,such as primacy effect,butterfly effect,group polarization,etc.and hence it drives the public to be mad and destroy the social order.