改造旧史与编纂新史:金毓黻《中国史学史》之学术旨趣

金毓黻撰写的《中国史学史》,可以视为中国史学史学科初步形成的重要标志之一。此书甫一出版,各种褒贬之词纷至沓来,影响及于今日。赞誉者将其称为"第一部比较完备的中国史学史的著述",批评者指责此书不明"史学之义",甚至还有学人据此质疑史学史的学科价值。回溯金毓黻的学术脉络,他以记注与撰述来区分史料、史著,认定中国旧史皆为撰写新通史的材料。这种学术理念与当时整理国故运动一脉相承,决定了《中国史学史》的写法、取材及其旨趣。整理旧史,以考据学的方法考辨史籍、估量其史料价值与史体演变,以为编撰新史的借鉴。金毓黻所撰《中国史学史》、《宋辽金史》,实践着他改造旧史、编纂新史的探索。考察金毓黻撰写《中国史学史》的来龙去脉及其学术反响,可以彰显民国学术发展的多元路径,为突破分科治学的局限提供参考。

Reform of the Traditional Historiography and Compilation of the New History:the Purport of A History of Chinese Historiography by Jin Yufu

A History of Chinese Historiography by Jin Yufu is considered an important milestone of the initial formation of the discipline——Chinese historiography history. Since the publication of the book, it is full of controversy. Those who praise regard it as the first relatively complete writing of Chinese Historiography; those who criticize argue that the book is a misunderstanding of Chinese Historiography, and some even question the value of this discipline. According to the academic context of Jin Yufu, it is clear that he distinguishes historical materials from historiography based on the difference between "jizhu" and "zhuanshu". Consequently, he legitimate traditional historiography as the materials of the new general history. This idea inherits the Movement for Rearranging the National Heritage, deciding his method, materials, and purport——rearrangement of the traditional historiography, discrimination of historical records, measurement of the historical material value and genre evolution, and the compilation of new general history on the basis of the above three. With his A History of Chinese Historiography and A History of Song, Liao and Jin, Jin Yufu practices his compilation of new general history with the reform of the traditional historiography. With the study of the context and impact of A History of Chinese Historiography, the pluralism of the academic development in the Republic of China can be revealed and thus breaking the subject boundaries.