西汉文章两司马--《史记·司马相如列传》考论

汉武帝时代的司马相如和司马迁,分别在辞赋和散文领域占据着制高点,文学史上一向有“西汉文章两司马”之称。与一般并称作家所不同的是,司马迁在《史记》中为司马相如立传,使他在当时文坛独占鳌头的地位得到史册的确认。本文认为,同一姓氏的自豪感、亲历目见的深刻印象、共有的出使巴蜀经历,以及对其文学才华的钦佩赞赏,多种因素共同作用,构成司马迁为司马相如立传的动机和目的。“两司马”的文章虽然表达方式大有不同,一虚夸,一实录,但同样有着汪洋恣肆、壮阔雄伟的宏大气象,代表了西汉武帝时代宏放豪迈的文化精神。

Two Sima in Western Han Literature

Both Sima Xiangru and Sima Qian lived in the time of the Emperor Wu of Western Han dynasty,both represented the literaty spirrit of the time,and they are famous for ci and prose respectively.Sima Qian wrote a biography for Sima Xiangru in his Records of History.The author of this paper believes that the same surname,similarity in experience and other facotors promoted Sima Qian to write this biography.