元明以来北京丫髻山道观文化的历史考察

在我国五大宗教中,道教是惟一发源于中国,由中国人创立的宗教,被许多人称为“本土宗教”,鲁迅曾经说过“中国之根坻全在道教”,道教不仅与官方的信仰有着密切关系,而且在民间也有着其它宗教无法比拟的巨大影响力,是中国传统文化的具体体现。北京地区道教宫观众多,大小不一,建置各异。较为著名的有“五顶两山”,即东顶、西顶、南顶、北顶、中顶,丫髻山和妙峰山。其中丫髻山自元明成为官方祭祀中心以来,逐渐成为北京地方文化的重要组成部分,至今在民间仍有广泛影响。通过对元明以来丫髻山地区道观文化的历史考察,探讨其与官方、民间之间的互动关系,可以揭示这一地方文化传统形成的历史原因和内在机制。

Daoist Temple Culture at Beijing Yaji Mountain Since Yuan and Ming Dynasties

Among the five major religions in China,Taoism is the only one originated in China.It is usually called a "native religion".LU Xun said that "Taoism has become the root of China".Taoism,therefore,not only has a great influence on Chinese people but also embodies Chinese traditional culture.Taoist temples in different sizes and styles can been seen in Beijing area.The most famous temples are the so-called "Five Tops and Two Mountains".They are "Top East","Top West","Top South","Top North","Central Top","Miaofeng Mountain" and "Yaji Mountain".Ever since Yaji Mountain became a royal sacrificial center in Yuan and Ming dynasties,it has being an important part of Beijing regional culture with its broad impacts on the life of Beijing people.It presents a historical review on the Taoist temple culture at Yaji Mountain from Yuan and Ming Dynasties,trying to explore the dynamics among the Taoist temples,the government and common people with an aim to illustrate historical reasons and internal factors formulated in the traditional culture in this area.