"叫"上位化的过程、动因、机制及影响

先秦西汉时期,"叫"的出现频次极低.东汉至隋,喊叫义"叫"的用例总数已略高于"唤";鸣叫义"叫"的用例开始出现.唐五代时期,"叫"在{喊叫}子域中的用例总数已跃居首位,但在{鸣叫}总域中,其文献分布率仍远不及"鸣".宋元时期,随着鸣叫义"唤""鸣""吟""啼"等的语素化,"叫"取得了{叫}概念域强势上位词的地位.明清至今,{叫}概念域基本上形成了"叫"一家独占的局面."叫"的上位化是子概念域两次融合的结果,子概念域融合的动因源自古今范畴化方式的改变,汉语双音化的趋势也起了推动作用,子概念域融合的机制是转喻."叫"取得强势上位词地位之后,{叫}概念域的词汇系统大大简化.

The evolution,motivation,mechanism and impact of the superordination of"Jiao"("叫")

In pre-Qin and Western Han Dynasty,the type frequency of"Jiao"("叫")was rather low. Although the total number of"Jiao"("叫")slightly overroded that of"Huan"("唤"),"Jiao"("叫") couldn't parallel with"Hu"("呼")and"Jiao"("叫")referring to TWEET emerged during the middle ancient times.In Tang and the Five Dynasties,"Jiao"("叫")predominated the SHOUT domain,while the type frequency and the documental coverage rate of"Jiao"("叫")referring to TWEET was much lower than"Ming"("鸣").While these tweet verbs(such as"Huan"("唤"),"Ming"("鸣"),"Ying"("吟"),"Ti"("啼")morphemizationalized,Jiao(叫)occupied the superordination of JIAO domain during the Song and Yuan Dynasties.From Ming Dynasty to modern age,"Jiao"("叫")becomes the sole expression pattern to encode the SOUND concept of either human or animals.The superordinatalization of"Jiao"("叫")was motivated by the diachronic shift of the categorization patterns,and accelerated by the impact of Chinese disyllabic trend.The superordinatalization of which mechanism was metonymy simplified the lexical system greatly.The lexical system of JIAO domain is greatly simplified after"Jiao"("叫")has gained the superordinatalization.