自主创新、技术溢出和市场化程度与全要素生产率——基于中国省际面板数据的实证分析

在CH-LP技术溢出分析框架下使用固定效应模型、Driscoll-Kraay方法、工具变量法、差分广义矩估计和分段估计等方法同时分析了自主研发和4种开放渠道产生的技术溢出以及市场化程度对中国全要素生产率的影响.基于2004—2014年中国省级面板数据的实证研究表明:自主研发对全要素生产率的促进作用远大于其他各种开放渠道产生的技术溢出对全要素生产率的影响.在各种开放渠道产生技术溢出对全要素生产率的影响中,外商直接投资、中国对外直接投资和进口渠道产生的技术溢出提高了全要素生产率;出口渠道产生的技术溢出降低了中国的全要素生产率.以国有规模工业企业增加值占规模工业企业增加值的比重作为反映中国市场化程度的指标时发现:在国有企业占经济比重较低时,国有企业占比的上升有助于全要素生产率的提高;而当国有企业占经济比重较高时,继续提高国有企业的比重反而降低了全要素生产率.

The impact of indigenous innovation,technology spillovers and marketization on total factor productivity:An empirical study with China's provincial panel dataset

Under the CH-LP framework,we use the fixed effects,Driscoll-Kraay,Instrumental Variable and Difference GMM together with subsection analysis to investigate the infulences of indigenous innovation, technology spillovers coming from openness channels and marketization on total factor productivity(TFP). Based on China's provincial data over the period 2004—2014,we find that the indigenous innovation exerts a more important role in increasing TFP than the technology spillovers.Among the technology spillovers originating from foreign direct investment(FDI),outward direct investment(ODI),export and import,FDI, ODI and import show a positive role in increasing TFP,however,the technology spillover through export play a negative role in promoting TFP.When the marketization index is defined as the ratio of added value of state-owned industrial enterprises above designated size to the total industrial enterprises above designated size,we find that when the ratio is low,increasing the ratio will increase the TFP.Whereas,when the ratio is high, increasing the share will not be beneficial to TFP.