晚清国粹派与文化遗产保护

在近代社会转型过程中,面对内外交困的局面,清廷不得不寻求变革。无论是戊戌变法还是清末新政都将学习西方当成第一要务,直接导致了西学的兴盛、中学的颓败,国粹派应时而兴。国粹派是晚清重要的学术文化派别,不仅致力于宣传民族主义思想、复兴传统文化,还孜孜以求于对古籍这一文化遗产的保护。国粹派较早地认识到文化遗产保护的重要性,提倡并践行着文化遗产的保护。国粹派保护文化遗产的方式多种多样,除征集、购买古籍外,还亲自访查古籍、示范编撰古籍,并将宣传和传播古籍当成文化遗产保护的重要内容。鉴于近代中国文化遗产流失严重,国粹派呼吁通过制定文物保护法来保护文化遗产。

School of Quintessence of Chinese Culture in late Qing Dynasty and cultural heritage protection

During the social transformation in modern times, facing the situation of being beset with troubles internally and externally, the government of Qing Dynasty had to seek change. Both the Wuxu Reform and the new deal reform in late Qing Dynasty had taken learning the West as their first task, which directly led to the prosperity of Western thoughts and the downfall of Chinese culture. At the same time, the School of Quintessence of Chinese Culture is roused. The School of Quintessence of Chinese Culture was an important academic and cultural group in late Qing Dynasty, who not only engaged in propagating nationalist thoughts and reviving traditional culture, but also assiduously sought protection of ancient books as cultural heritage. They recognized the importance of protection of cultural heritage earlier, and advocated and practiced the protection of cultural heritage. The ways of protecting cultural heritage of the School of Quintessence of Chinese Culture were various, besides collecting, buying ancient books, they read and referred ancient books, compiled ancient books to give typical example, and taking the propaganda and dissemination of ancient books as an important content of cultural heritage protection. In view of the severe erosion of modern Chinese cultural heritage, the School of Quintessence of Chinese Culture appealed the establishment of cultural relics protection law to protect cultural heritage.