试论中国公立高校多元利益主体的生成

计划体制下，中国公立高校内部的利益是高度一致的。随着经济体制、政治体制、教育体制改革的深化，中国公立高校发生了深刻的变化，形成了多元利益主体并存的局面。首先，高校摆脱了“政府附属物”的局面，成为“自主办学的法人实体”，政府转变为多元利益主体的一方（当然是最重要和主要的一方）；共次，以教师为代表的教职工群体改变了“单位所有”的身份，与高校形成了合同聘约关系，也成为有自身利益诉求的利益主体；再者，学生缴费上学，自主择业，不再是统包统分的“准国家干部”，他们与学校的关系越来越带有“消费者”的色彩；还有，高校管理者的身份复杂起来，他们除了代表政府的利益，还代表着教职工和学生的利益；最后．由于投资主体多元化，使得“获取回报”的合作者介入大学的投入与发展，他们的利益又有其独特性。分析利益格局的变化，会为现代大学制度建设找到一个新的视角和基石。

Discussions On The Generation Of Multiple-Interest Bodies In China's Public Universities

The interior interests in China＇s public universities are highly consistent under the planning system. With the deepening of reforms of economic system, political system and educational system, great changes happened in China＇s public universities with multiple-interest bodies co-existing. First, universities broke away from the situation of being the government＇s appendage, becoming the legal entity establishing schools. The government constituted one side of the multiple-interest bodies （the most important side）. Second, groups of teaching faculty, mainly composed of teachers, changed their status of unit ownership, establishing contract employment relationship with universities, thus becoming the interest body owning the rights of self-interest demands. Furthermore, students paid tuition for education, hunted for employment on their own, never expecting positions as quasi-state officials guaranteed by the state. They established the relationship of being their customers with universities. In addition, the status of the administration of universities became complex. The administration represented the interests of both the government and faculty and students. Finally, because of the diversity of investment bodies, cooperators invested in the development of universities to gain their own interests, which had unique characteristics. The analysis on the changes of interest patterns can provide a new perspective and lay a cornerstone for the development of modern university system.