史华慈的"毛主义"及其毛泽东研究

“毛主义”一词,是在美国反苏反华反共狂潮弥漫的政治气候中,由史华慈首先创造出来的,用以说明毛泽东的革命战略实质上是马克思主义的“异端”。这一概念的提出,在此后的二十几年中不断地引发出一次次的关于毛泽东与马克思主义关系的论争,史华慈本人也受到了来自左右两派的批判与攻击。这个过程,既客观促进了西方毛泽东学从新闻传记向学术研究方面的转变,也为我们研究毛泽东与马克思主义打开了更为广阔的理论空间,提供了更多的方法论启迪。

Benjamin I. Schwartz's "Maoism" and Studies of Mao Zedong

Coined by Benjamin I.Schwartz in the political climate of America's anti-Soviet Union,anti-China and anti-Communist Party,the word "Maoism" was used to indicate that Mao Zedong's revolutionary strategies were Marxism's "heresies".In more than two decades ever since this concept was proposed,it had launched many a debate on the relations between Mao Zedong and Marxism.Meanwhile,Schwartz himself was criticized and attacked by American Leftists and Rightists.This course of development has not only shifted the researches on Mao Zedong in the Western countries from the studies of news and biography,but also opened a broader theoretical space for the studies of Mao Zedong and Marxism,and provided more methodological inspirations.