坚持劳动价值论与价值转形研究

劳动价值论是整个马克思主义经济学体系的基础,循着抽象上升到具体的研究思路,价值的简单形态必然要向经济现实逼近,即价值要向生产价格的转化,而转换过程中两个总计方程是否相等,则一直是马克思主义经济学中最具争议的问题,这绝不仅仅是一个技术问题,而是关系到马克思主义经济学理论体系的根本所在。它既解决了价值规律和生产价格规律之间的矛盾,也说明了产品价值以生产价格形式在全社会形成的分配关系。因此,研究转形问题具有重要的理论和现实意义。本文将马克思对转形问题的阐述细化为若干利润平均化周期,并通过对平均利润率的分析,指出由于部分剩余价值没有参加利润平均化过程,所以出现了剩余价值总额不等于利润总额的现象,但是这并不能改变价值向生产价格的转化的真实存在,也不与劳动价值论矛盾。

Adhering to the Labor-Value Theory and Studying the Transformation of Value

Labor-value theory is the basis of the whole Marxist economic theory system.Developed from the abstract to the concrete,the simple form of value is definitely getting closer to the real situation of economy,that is,the value will be transformed into productive prices.Actually,it is always the most debatable problem in Marxism theory whether the two parts are equalized-the total of value and profit and the total of productive price and surplus-value.This is not a technical problem only,but a problem about the basis of Marxist economic theory system.It can solve the contradiction between the law of value and law of productive-price and indicate the distribution of productive-prices set up in the society based on the product value.Therefore,it is of great theoretical and realistic significance to study the transformation of value.The present paper details Marxist theory on transformation into several profit-averaging cycles,and through the analysis of averaging-profit rate,it intends to point out that as partial surplus values have not entered into average processing,it results in the inequality between profits and surplus-value.However,it cannot cover the objective existence of the transformation of value into productive-price and it is not contradictory to labor value theory.