董仲舒经学对历史的理解——以天人、古今关系为视角

天人关系和古今关系是中国传统学术中两个最为关键的问题,前者涉及历史的动因问题,后者则关涉历史之变化。董仲舒的春秋公羊学认为,孔子通过作《春秋》以寄寓其对天人、古今关系的深刻认识。那么,服膺于《春秋》的董仲舒,是否也通过其经学来表达自己关于天人、古今关系的理解呢？通过对董仲舒的＂道＂和＂统＂学说的系统梳理,我们可以得出肯定的答案。董仲舒认为,在历史进程中既有保持相对稳定的＂常＂,也有时时变动的＂变＂,＂常＂与＂变＂之间又存在紧密的关联,而无论＂变＂与＂常＂,又都可以从天人关系上寻得依据。董仲舒经学的上述认识,无疑表现出对历史的丰富理解。

How Dong Zhongshu Understands History in His Study of Confucian Classics：From the Perspective of the Relationship between Heaven and Man as Well as that between the Past and the Present

The relationship between heaven and man as well as the relationship between the past and the present are two key issues in Chinese traditional academics.The former involves the drivers of history,and the latter is about the changes of history.Dong Zhongshu （179-104BC）,the renowned Han dynasty Confucian scholar,maintained that Confucius wrote The Spring and Autumn Annals to express his understandings about the above-mentioned re-lationships.Then,the question is,did Dong,who believed The Spring and Autumn Annals,try to express his own understandings on this subj ect from his study of Confucian classics under the guidance of The Spring and Au-tumn Annals？A systematic analysis of Dong’s theories of“Dao”and“Tong”gives us an answer in the affirmative：Dong held that in the progress of history exist both a relatively stable“constant”and a relatively variable“change”, which are closely related to each other.The relationship between“constant”and“change”is determined by the rela-tionship between heaven and man.Undoubtedly,Dong’s above-mentioned ideas demonstrated his rich reflections on history.