试析罗尔斯的正义观对功利主义的超越

罗尔斯正义观虽然在其论证正义的前提、过程和目的等方面包含有功利的考虑 ,但是并不能归结为功利主义 ,罗尔斯在对可能功利、分配差别的考虑和正义的论证等方面超越了功利主义。罗尔斯正义观的不足之处在于对可能性的考虑脱离了现实性的基础 ,而使其正义观具有较多的理想色彩。从解释学的视角看 ,作为社会正义的共识应是可能功利与现实功利的统一 ,是每一个具有正义前结构的个人视界融合的结果。

An Analysis of Rawls' Theory of Justice Transcending Utilitarianism

Though Rawls takes utility into consideration in terms of premise, process and end of social justice, his justice transcends it rather than being reduced to utilitarianism considering possible utility and restrictive difference. As for Rawls' theory, it is too ideal to put into practice in temporal world, though it attaches fundamentality to right instead of utility. From hermeneutic view, justice as consensus is used to adjust not only temporal utility but also possible utility. It is the consequence of horizontal blend of every individual borne pre-structure of justice.