莎士比亚戏剧中的双重共生现象

莎士比亚戏剧的生命力之所以长盛不衰,焕发出越来越强的活力,这与莎士比亚戏剧的一种双重共生现象有关。莎士比亚戏剧一方面活跃在剧场,另一方面也活跃在文字文本中,二者相互改写、互为补充;它们既为普通的大众所欣赏,亦为专业的学者和研究者提供阐释与批评的空间;在莎士比亚生活的年代,他的戏剧具有很强的现实性和当下性,而在几百年的历史进程中,他的戏剧又被不断改编、改写、翻新、盗用,成为后人眼中和心中不断变换的莎士比亚。这种剧场演出与文学文本、经典化与大众化、当下性与后世不断阐释的再造性的双重共生现象展示了莎剧的巨大弹性和解读的空间,为我们展现了一个充满永恒活力的莎士比亚。

A Tentative Study on the Dualism of Shakespeare’s Plays

For a period of four hundred years,the vitality of Shakespeare’s plays has never been faded,instead,these plays continue to have energetic life with a great power.One of the reasons that may explain this lies in the dualism of them.They are very active in both the theatres and the field of textual study.They are appreciated by a large number of audiences of different classes and background,and are also interpreted and criticized by the specialized scholars and researchers.In Shakespeare’s time,his plays are realistic and updated while in different time periods,they have been adapted,rewritten,renewed and misappropriated again and again,ever-changing in the eyes of the later generations.The dualism of the performance and the text,the quality of being both popular and classic,and the up-datedness and the perpetuity of Shakespeare’s plays explain the eternity of Shakespeare in a way.