新型冠状病毒疫情对民事合同法律关系的影响

新型冠状病毒疫情给社会各领域都带来了严重的影响。文章拟从疫情的不可抗力性角度展开,认定疫情作为不可抗力需具备特定的地域范围和合同履行受阻与疫情之间需具有因果关系这两个识别因素。作为不可抗力,疫情会引起债务人违约责任的全部免除、部分免除、推迟履行以及合同的解除和变更等法律效果；因各种类型的合同的属性不同,在具体适用不可抗力规则时会有所差异。在分析了疫情的法律性质和法律效果的基础上,拟从法律法规体系的构建、司法裁判的规范、合同条款的设置、人与自然的关系等几个方面对疫情的防控提出建议。

The Influence of New Coronavirus on the Legal Relationship of Civil Contract

The outbreak of the new coronavirus has had a serious impact on all sectors of society. This paper intends to discuss the force majeure of the outbreak.This paper identifies an outbreak as a force majeure event which requires a specific geographical area and that there should be a causality between the disruption of contract performance and the outbreak.As a force majeure event, the outbreak will lead to the debtor''s liability complete exemption, partial exemption, delay in performance, contract cancellation and modification. Due to the different properties of various types of contracts, there will be differences in the application of force majeure rules. On the basis of analyzing the legal nature and effect of the epidemic, it proposes some suggestions on the prevention and control of the epidemic from the following aspects:the construction of the legal system, the norms of judicial judgment, the relationship between human and nature, and the setting of contract terms.