核电厂主控室数字化人机界面失误模式及原因分析

人因失误是核电厂需解决的核心问题,对电厂安全保障起重要作用。为此,文章对人因失误开展了失误模式、原因分析及对策分析。在文献分析和调研基础上,分析了数字化核电厂主控室人机交互每个认知过程中可能存在的失误模式。如,监视过程的失误模式有目标错误、遗漏、误读、听觉失误、时间延迟等。分析了每种失误模式产生的原因,如,监视过程中的目标错误原因有信息负荷过大、紧张、信息显示不醒目、人机界面结构、经验、显示方式的动态变化性。文章基于主要的失误原因,从整体角度分析了预防措施,包括:经验与培训水平、组织管理、人机界面、任务相似性。这些成果对减少核电厂数字化人机界面下的人因失误具有理论和实践指导意义。

Error Modes and Causes Analysis for Main Control Room Human-Computer Interface in a Nuclear Power Plant

Human error is a core problem to be solved in a nuclear power plant, which has an important role for nuclear power plant safety. For the reason, failure modes, causes and countermeasures were analyzed in the paper. Based on literature analysis and survey, the paper analyzed possible error modes of each cognitive process in human-computer interface of digitization nuclear power plant main control room, for example, error modes in monitoring process are object error, omission, misread, hearing error, time delay; analyzed the reasons caused by each error mode, for example, the reasons of object error in monitoring process are excessive information load, tension, markedness of information display, human-computer interface layout, experience, display way dynamic change; based on main error reasons, analyzed the precautionary measures including experience and training level, organization and management human-computer interface, task similarity from overall view, which provide theoretical direction and practical significance to decrease human error events from nuclear power plant digitization human-computer interface.