有效独立性原则下核安全监督管理体制的审视与重构

核安全监管的独立性应当是有效独立性。它不仅要求在体制设置上实现监管机构与其他机构或实体的有效分离,也要求监管机构能够独立行使行政许可、审评、监督执法等关键职能,并确保监管机构在安全决策上有效独立。就我国而言,应基于有效独立性原则对核安全监督管理体制进行审视重构,强化国家核安全局独立性、整合核安全监管核心职能、建立部门间监管协调机制、健全核安全监管技术支持和人力资源管理体系、构建完善透明、可追溯的监管决策程序和利益冲突审查机制等措施,推动我国核安全监督管理体制的健全完善。

Review and Reconstruction of Nuclear Safety Regulatory System Under the Principle of Effective Independence

The independence of nuclear safety supervision should be effective independence. It not only requires the effective separation of regulatory agencies from other institutions or entities, but also requires the regulatory agencies to independently perform the key functions of administrative licensing, review, supervision and law enforcement, and ensure the effective independence of regulatory agencies in safety decision-making. As far as China is concerned, the nuclear safety regulatory system should be examined and reconstructed based on the principle of effective independence. Therefore, some measures should be taken including establishing a relatively independent national nuclear safety administration, integrating core functions of nuclear safety supervision, forming an inter-departmental regulatory coordination mechanism, improving the technical support and human resource management system, and building a transparent and traceable regulatory decision-making process and interest conflict review mechanism to promote the improvement of nuclear safety regulatory system.