决定论的含义与真假问题

古代已有因果决定论和神灵决定论,近代学者又以力学规律充实因果决定论而使之发展成严格定量的形式。从中可以看到决定论的基本含义:过去未来的一切皆有定数;其之形成根据则是因果关系和客观规律的普遍存在。但自由意志论却长期支持着非决定论的存在;现代科学又在微观过程和复杂系统中揭示出了许多新的不确定性现象,致使一些论者提出各种折衷性的弱决定论观点。然而我们通过对于各种新不确定性现象的实质分析表明,它们都不真是"本质上的偶然性",并不否定决定论的严格存在;而且人也并没有超越神经生理活动的自由意志。真正使决定论不能成立的乃是世界的无限性:无限世界是不能完成综合的,故而不是一个可总括的整体或系统,因果规律对其不能适用;同时,无限世界中的有限系统和事物也因会有无限的外来影响因素而不能有决定论的未来定数。

The Problem about the Meaning and True or False of the Determinism

There had been the causal determinism and the divine determinism in antiquity,and the modern scholar substantiated the causal determinism with the mechanical laws and made it become a strict quantitative form.From that we can find the basic meaning of determinism:All things have their destinies,no matter past or future,which is found on the universal causality and objective law.But the theory of free supports the existence of indeterminism over a long period of time.The modern science reveals a lot of new uncertainty phenomena in the micro-course and complicate system,causing many scholars propose various eclectic viewpoint of weak determinism.However,through the essential analysis of various new uncertainty phenomena,it indicates they are not "the essential contingency",therefore do not negate the strict existence of determinism.And people have not overstepped the free will of neural-physiological activities.It is the infinity of the world that really makes the determinism can not form:The infinite world can not complete the synthesis,therefore it is not a entirety or system and the causality and objective law are inapplicable to it;At the same time,the finite systems and things of infinite world also have the infinite external interferential factors,therefore they can not have the future determinate number of determinism.