行政合同法律性质之学理反思

长期以来,学术界对行政合同法律性质的认识众说纷纭、莫衷一是。归纳起来其分歧的焦点在于:行政合同是行政行为,还是行政管理形式?行政合同是单方行政行为,还是双方行为?行政合同是权力行政行为,还是非权力行政行为?行政合同是强权力行为,还是弱权力行为?行政合同是私法契约,还是公法契约?行政合同本身较为复杂,如果时其只在某一层面或者某个角度进行观察与分析,很难全面认识和把握其本质。为了全面、深入地揭示行政合同的法律性质,应当从不同的角度时之加以解析。基于此,行政合同的法律性质大致可以界定为:行政合同是行政主体与行政相时人之间的双方行为,是行政主体的特殊行政行为、弱权力行政行为、弱强制性行政行为和弹性行政方式。

The Theoretical Reflection on the Legal Nature of Administrative Contract

The academic circle has argued on the recognition of the legal nature of administrative contract for a long period.To sum up,the focuses on their differences are:Whether the administrative contract is a administrative action or a administrative managing form?Whether it is a unilateral action or a both-sides one?Whether it is a right administrative action or a non-right one?Whether it is a strong power or weak power?Whether it is a private legal contract or a public one?The administrative contract is a bit complicated,so it is difficult to fully understand and grasp its essential by analyzing from some aspect or angle.Thus,in order to reveal its legal features wholly and deeply,it should be analyzed from different angles.So the definition of the administrative contract's legal nature can be approximately drew as follows:The administrative contract is a both-sides action between administrative body and counterpart.It is a special,weak powered and forced,and flexible action of the administrative body.