清代常平仓法律探析

常平仓制度在清代已经比较成熟，从修建仓廒、确定储粮数额到仓库的日常管理都有明确的法律规定。其中筹集仓粮、严惩亏空等方面的法律相对稳定，而在额定存粮数目和存粜比例等方面的法律则随着形势变化不断做出调整。清前期常平仓在平抑粮价、救济灾民方面发挥着巨大作用，清中期常平仓开始亏空且问题日益严重，后期则彻底崩溃，相关法律规定也沦为一纸空文。

AN ANALYSIS OF GRAINARY LAW IN QING DYNASTY

Grainary system was relatively mature in Qing Dynasty and there were clear legal provisions of building granary, determining the amount of grain to be stored as well as the daily management of grain storage warehouse. There was relatively stable law involving such aspects as raising grain warehouse and punishing grain deficit. There were constant changes in such aspects as the rated amount of grain stocks and rated storage proportion as the situation changed. In Early Qing Dynasty, grainary system played an important role in stabi- lizing food prices and giving relief to victims but in Mid-Qing Dynasty, grainary deficit began to appear in warehouses and the situation became increasingly severe. Grainary system completely collapsed in Late Qing Dynasty and relevant laws and regulations became a dead letter.