论全球化与环境治理

本文分析了贸易自由化对环境的影响、环境收敛情景、环境极化以及全球环境治理问题。指出贸易对地区和全球环境的影响依赖于各国比较优势的分布特征,这种比较优势的确定是由污染政策差异和其他影响(如要素禀赋差异)共同决定的;全球化不仅可能形成环境极化的危险并加剧环境退化的风险,而且也能创造补偿各种力量的机会;全球环境变化可被看作是市场与政府治理失灵后果的综合,只要所有国家分享它的成本并从矫正中获利,全球环境变化就可能成为环境和谐收敛的一种动力。

Globalization and Environmental Governance

The article provides the impact of international trade liberation on the environment, environmental convergence scenarios, environmental polarization and global environmental governance.The effects of trade on both local and global environments depend on the distribution of comparative advantages across countries.These comparative advantages are determined jointly by differences in pollution policy and other influences,such as differences in factor endowments.Globalization may not only give impetus to environmental polarization and exacerbate risks of environmental degradation, but also create new opportunities for globally egalitarian politics.