论流域生态补偿的制度构建 --从社会公正的视角

环境影响因素作用于流域生态时具有从上游到下游的单向性,加之上下游地区对流域生态资源做出的贡献性质上的差异,导致了上下游地区在利用流域生态资源上的不公正.从上下游地区付出和收益的情形分析,流域生态补偿既要包括下游地区对上游地区的补偿,也要包括上游地区对下游地区的补偿.流域生态补偿的制度构建可以通过制度和市场两条道路进行就制度而言,应该明确流域生态补偿的原则、标准、方式和资金来源,并将补偿保证金制度、补偿责任保险制度以及补偿基金制度作为辅助性的制度;就市场而言,应该建立和完善生态使用权交易市场来实现上下游地区之间的生态补偿.

On the Building of Basin-ecological-compensation --from a Just Viewpoint

The unilateralism of environmental influence factors from the upper reaches to low reaches and the difference of the contribution between different areas have resulted in the unjust in the utilization of ecological resources.The ecological compensation includes not only that from the upriver area to the downriver area, but also that from the downriver area to the upriver area.We should build tradable permits market, set up the system improving the liability insurance and establish the compensation fund.