公众对环境治理主体选择偏好的代际差异——基于两项跨度十年调查数据的实证研究

根据政治社会化理论,社会化过程对公民意识和公民参与具有塑造和影响的作用,同时对于政治文化具有维持与变革的功能。利用北京大学中国国情研究中心的两个全国抽样调查数据,通过考察公众对环境治理主体的选择偏好来验证这一假设。统计分析揭示:代际差异是影响公众对环境治理主体选择偏好最关键的因素。通过对比两年度数据研究其解释机制发现:环境意识借由社会化过程,逐渐从个体意识汇集成一种群体意识,进而内化为一种偏好,影响着主体的环境参与;而这个社会化的过程在一定程度上实现了环境公众参与制度目标的同时,也影响着初始自上而下的制度状态向着自下而上方向的转变。

Intergenerational Difference in Preferences for Environmental Governance

Political socialization theory hypothesizes that the socialization process moulds and affects civic awareness and civic participation while playing a role in maintaining and changing political culture.From two national surveys conducted by the Research Center of Contemporary China at Peking University,this paper attempts to verify this hypothesis by examining the public’s preferences for environmental governance.Statistical analysis reveals that the intergenerational difference is the most critical factor affecting public preferences for environmental governance.Through analyzing and comparing survey results from 1998 and 2008,the paper finds that environmental consciousness brought about by socialization is gradually aggregating from the individual level to a group level consciousness.This group consciousness is then internalized into a preference that affects the mobilization around environmental issues in society at large.While this socialization process reflects the success of governmental efforts to promote environmental awareness and public participation,it also reveals a directional change from top-down approach to that of bottom-up.