论矿产资源使用者成本的补偿机制

要实现矿产资源的可持续开采利用,核心问题是实现使用者成本的价值补偿和实物补偿。在现阶段,借鉴发达国家的先进经验,构建符合中国国情的使用者成本的市场化补偿机制,要着重解决好以下几个环节:第一,良好界定的产权是使用者成本顺利补偿的前提;第二,矿山地租的合理征收,是使用者成本补偿的主要渠道;第三,以经济激励型管理模式逐步取代命令控制型管理模式,来解决无证开采、采富弃贫等问题;第四,培育矿业权交易市场,形成合理的矿业权价格与矿产品价格;第五,对资源所在地进行耗竭补偿,解决使用者成本的空间异置问题。

The Compensation Mechanism of Mineral Resources User Cost

To satisfy the sustainable mining and utilization of mineral resources, the central issue is the compensation of user cost for the value depletion and physical deduction.At present, China must learn the experiences of developed countries, and build the compensation mechanism of user cost adapting to our country's special circumstances.The following aspects should be emphasized: first, property rights well defined is the premium of compensation; second, the reasonable collection of mineral rent is the main compensational way; third, in dealing with the problems such as illegal mining, exploiting the rich resources and abandoning the poor, the foundation of management should be gradually changed from command-and-control into economic encouragement; fourth, the transferable mineral rights should be permitted so as to optimize the prices of mineral royalty and mineral product; and finally, the regions where the mineral mine is located should be compensated for its resource depletion, thus the allocation of user cost in different spaces could be solved.