学术自由与近代中国大学精神

学术自由是大学的灵魂,唯有充分享有学术自主权,富有浓厚的学术氛围的大学,才能真正找回大学的“自我”,大学也才能正确地享受其他的权利,主动、自觉地走向社会中心。民国时期,蔡元培所开创的北大精神,与陈寅恪所燃起的清华薪火,最后都汇聚为中国现代学术自由之精神。北大最辉煌时期,自由主义的胡适、激进主义的陈独秀、保守主义的梁漱溟都在北大宣泄自己的观点与思想。蔡元培代表了北大当局的自由办学思想,胡、陈、梁的并在代表了北大学术的自由状态。这是北京大学能够被人以“标新立异”来述说其引领20世纪50年代以前中国人文社会科学学术荣耀史的基本根据,而西南联大的学术传统,从某种意义上说,更是民国时期大学学术精神的缩影。

Academic Freedom and Spirit of University in Modern China

The academic freedom is university's soul,and only when the university has fully enjoyed the academic right of independence can it truly retrieve the university's "ego".The university also enjoys other rights.In the time of Republic of China,CAI Yuan-pei founded the Peking University spirit,and CHEN Yin-ke ignited the Qinghua torch.Both these formed the spirit of China's modern academic freedom.During the resplendency of Peking University,there were HU Shi of liberalism,CHEN Du-xiu of radicalism and LIANG Shu-ming of conservatism,who displayed their own viewpoints and thoughts in the university.CAI Yuan-pei represented the free school thought of Peking University authority while HU,CHEN and LIANG represented the free academic state of Peking University.That was why Peking University could be reckoned to "propose something new and different",which constructed the foundation for its leading the glorious history of China's humanities and social sciences,and,to certain extent,the academic tradition of Southwest Union University was the miniature of the university academic spirit in the time of Republic of China.