评价的意义与普遍有效性

从评价的本质和根据看,评价不是认识而是感想。价值判断也不是事实判断,没有真假意义。但它并非没有任何意义。价值判断可以依据一定的评价标准来讨论是非,只不过其有效范围仅在认同这个评价标准的人之间。对私人事务的价值主张不必确立统一评价标准讨论是非,而对公共事务的价值主张则必须这么做。确立公共事务价值争端的评价标准,不是科学问题而是政治问题,应采取民主抉择的方法解决。公共事务虽多,但只要对社会终极价值来一次民主抉择就够了。“人的全面自由发展”最可能成为民主社会的终极价值,而从中分解出来的富裕、和谐、自由,就是该社会所有公共事务的终极评价标准。

The Value of Evaluation and its Universal Validity

Based on the essence and basis of evaluation,evaluation is not cognition but sentiment.And the value judgment is not factual judgment,which is lack of the sense of true and false.But it doesn't lack any meaning.We could discuss the rights and wrongs according to a certain evaluation criterion,only its availability exists in the people identifying with the criterion.We needn't establish a united evaluation criterion for private affair.But for common affair,we must establish a united evaluation criterion.The evaluation criterion for common affair,which is not a problem of science but a problem of politics,should be settled by democratic choices.The common affair is a lot,but we only need a democratic choice for the ultimate social value."Man's all-around and free development" probably becomes the ultimate value in democratic society.The richness,harmonious and freedom,which derive from "Man's all-around and free development",should be the ultimate evaluation criterion for common affairs in the society.