中国省际R&D强度差异的决定与比较——基于1998-2004年的实证分析

中国30个省市自治区(北京除外)1998-2004年面板数据的回归结果表明,各地区R&D强度存在相当大的差距,且其决定因素也不尽相同。基本结论是:决定各省R&D强度的因素与初始R&D强度有着密切的关系,不同的初始R&D强度水平下,R&D强度决定因素也不同。R&D强度较高的地区,其决定因素主要是政府补贴和人力资本存量;R&D强度中等地区,产业结构和人力资本存量对提高R&D强度有着非常显著的影响;R&D强度较低地区,GDP增长、产业结构升级和人力资本存量增加都能提高R&D强度。人力资本存量的增加可以提高R&D强度,但在不同区域其弹性略有差别。由此得出的建议是,在建设创新型国家中,中国各省份应制定差别化的科技政策目标及实施手段。

A Comparison of Determinants of China's Provincial R&D Intensity Difference——An Empirical Analysis Based on Cases of 1998 -2004

It is clearly shown by the empirical analyses of panel data of 30 provinces in China (Beijing not included) that their R&D intensity differs greatly.So does the determinants of R&D intensity.Our finding is the determinants of R&D intensity differ due to their initial level. In high R&D intensity regions, governments' subsidy and human resource is dominant; in medium R&D intensity regions, industrial structure and human resource proves to be important; and in the low R&D intensity regions, GDP growth, the upgrading of industrial structure and the increase of human resource stock can improve the R&D intensity. Human resource, as an important determinant at large, shows somehow a different role in different regions. We therefore suggest that provincial governments should set different goals and formulate different science and technology policies to turn our country into an innovative one.